Includes bibliographical references and index.

Disagreement reigns amongst academics, practitioners, and politicians, as to whether human rights have a place in armed conflicts, especially in extra-territorial operations, with many fearing that an application of the right to life would fetter the ability of armed forces to achieve their military objectives. Governments, including the UK, have been keen to claim derogations. Academic literature on the subject is sparse. In this text, Ian Park seeks to fill the lacuna, by considering the UK's litigation strategy regarding the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts, including focussing on a range of cases, public enquiries, and the investigations of the Iraq Historic Allegations Prosecution Team. He puts the UK's contribution to the NATO Operation Unified Protector in Libya in 2011 back under the spotlight, and assays the recent response to the threat of the Islamic State in Northern Iraq and Syria. Park pulls together the most recent, and complex, case law in an area lacking previous sustained analysis, and concludes that whilst the state does have right to life obligations, the military have little reason to be concerned.

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Cover; Half title; Series; The Right to�A Life in�A Armed Conflict; Copyright; Contents; Detailed Table of�A Contents; Table of Cases; Table of Legal Instruments; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; Part I. The Scope of the Right to Life; 1. Substantive Right to Life Obligations; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights; 1.3 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; 1.3.1 States�a#x80;#x99; duty to ensure the right to life under Article 6(1)�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;a positive and negative obligation; 1.3.2 Definition of the right to life

1.3.3 The limitations of Article 6, ICCPR�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;a prohibition of the arbitrary deprivation of life1.3.4 The relationship between �a#x80;#x98;arbitrary deprivation�a#x80;#x99; and �a#x80;#x98;unlawful deprivation�a#x80;#x99; of life; 1.3.5 Arbitrary deprivation of life�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;international standards and national laws; 1.4 The Substantive Element of Article 6, ICCPR; 1.4.1 Arbitrary deprivation of life�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;definition and overarching principles; 1.4.2 Individual self-�a#x80;#x8B;defence; 1.4.3 An imminent threat of death or serious injury must exist; 1.4.4 The pre-�a#x80;#x8B;emptive use of lethal force is permissible

1.4.5 The use of lethal force must be proportionate to the threat1.4.6 The use of lethal force�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;reasonableness and necessity; 1.4.7 Defence of others; 1.4.8 Effecting a lawful arrest; 1.4.9 Preventing an escape; 1.4.10 Quelling a riot or insurrection; 1.4.11 The right to life of those detained by the state; 1.5 Armed Forces Activities and �a#x80;#x98;Non-�a#x80;#x8B;Arbitrary Deprivation�a#x80;#x99; of Life in Article�A 6; 1.6 Article 6, ICCPR and International and Non-�a#x80;#x8B;International Armed Conflict; 1.7 The European Convention on Human Rights; 1.7.1 ECHR Article 2�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;Preliminary Considerations

1.7.1.1 Exhaustion of domestic remedies1.7.1.2 Burden of proof; 1.7.1.3 Standard of proof; 1.7.1.4 The scope of �a#x80;#x98;intentional deprivation of life�a#x80;#x99;; 1.7.2 Article 2 ECHR�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;law enforcement and the substantive element of the right to life; 1.7.2.1 Use of lethal force is �a#x80;#x98;absolutely necessary�a#x80;#x99; for achievement of legitimate purposes; 1.7.2.2 An honest belief on the part of the state agent; 1.7.2.3 The requirement of precaution and planning in the use of lethal force; 1.8 The Protection of the Right to Life in National Legislation

1.9 Article 2(2) ECHR�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;Exceptions to the Right to Life1.9.1 In defence of any person from unlawful violence; 1.9.1.1 The scope of defence of any person; 1.9.1.2 The meaning of unlawful violence; 1.9.2 In order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; 1.9.3 In action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection; 1.10 Article 2 ECHR�a#x80;#x94;�a#x80;#x8B;Armed Conflict and the Substantive Element of the Right to Life; 1.10.1 Planning of a military operation; 1.10.2 National legal and administrative framework

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